Thecohesiveness(内聚力)ofafamilyseemstorelyonmemberssharingcertainroutineprac-ticesandevents.ForagrowingshareoftheAmericanlaborforce,however,workingshiftsbeyondthenormaldaylighthours--whatweherecall"shiftwork"--makesthelivesoffamiliesdifficult.
Existingre.searchshowsthatbothmaleandfemaleshiftworkersexpresshighlevelsofstressandasenseofconflictbetweenthedemandsofworkandfamilylife.Butshiftworkcouplesstillmaintainatraditionalattitudetothemeaningofmarriageandtheindividualrolesofhusbandandwife.Theyexpressedawillingnesstodo"whateverittakes"toapproximatetheirviewofapropermarriage,in-cludingsacrificingsleepanddoingconventionalthingsatunconventionalhours.Forthemajorityofcouplesinterviewed,evenwhenwivesworkedoutsidetheirhomes,apropermarriageischaracter-izedbyaverycleardivisionofroles:husbandsare"providers"whosemajorresponsibilityistosup-portthefamily;wivesarc"homemakers"whoclean,cook,andcareforhusbandsandchildren.
Thewomen'sdefinitionsofa"goodhusband"aretypifiedbythefollowingwife'sresponse:
Iexpecthimtobeagoodprovider,andbetherewhenIneedhim,loyalaboutthesamethingsashewouldexpectoutofme,expectthatIexpecthimtodominateoverme.Butinamannerofspeak-ing,wbenit'stimetobeamanIexpecthimtostandupinsteadofsittingbackexpectingmetodoeverything.Tohusbands,agoodwifeissomeonewhois:
UnderstandingofwhatIfeelgothroughatwork.Ineedthatrespectatwork,IhopeIgetitalwork.IwantmywifetorealizewhatIexpectatwork.Idon'twanthertogivemealotofshilwhenIcomehomefromworkbecauseIdon'tknowifthismakesmuchsense.
Theseviewsseemedcriticaltomaintainthefamiliesoftheshiftworkers.
31.Despite,shiftworkcouplesstillhopedtomaintainastablelife.
[A]traditionalbeliefsaboutmarriage
[B]Jackofcontrolovertime
[C]averycleardivisionofroles
[D]thedemandsofwork
32.Fromtheselection,wecanconcludethatfemaleshiftworkerswereNOTsatisfiedwith
[A]theirwork
[B]theirchildren
[C]theirhusbands'inabilitytoprotectthefamilyandprovidecompanionship
[D]leisureactivities
33.Whatisimpliedbytheauthor?
[A1Shiftworkhadadirecteffectontheattitudesandbehavioroffamilymembers.
[B]Shiftworkerscouldliveanormallife.
[C]Shiftworkcoupleshadunconventionalideasaboutmarriage.
[D]Femaleshiftworkersweresatisfiedwiththetimespenttogetherwiththeirfamilies.
34.Inordertocontinuethemarriagesoftheshiftworkers,
[A]wivesmustlearntocareforthechildrenwhentheirhusbandsareabsent
[B]shiftworkcouplesmustadministertheirtimeandactivities
[C]wivesmustn'tadapttheirownfeelingsofboredomtotheirhusbands'
[D]allofthesework
35.Thebesttitleforthisparagraphis
[A]ConstructingFamilyLife
[B]ManagingTimeandActivities
[C]TheMeaningofMarriage
[D]LivingaNormalLife
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